Python Tutorial

What is Python? Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language famous for its readable, English-like syntax. It is used everywhere: web back-ends, data science, machine ...

Variables in Python A variable is a name that refers to a value. Python infers the type automatically, so you never declare it. Core Data Types int - whole numbers, e.g. 42 . ...

if / elif / else Indentation matters: everything at the same indent belongs to the same block. Comparison and Logical Operators The for Loop The while Loop Loop Control: break, ...

Defining Functions Default and Keyword Arguments The * forces keyword-only arguments after it. Returning Multiple Values Lambda Functions Using the Standard Library Key Points ...

Lists Ordered, mutable sequences - the workhorse collection of Python. Tuples Ordered but immutable - perfect for fixed sets of values. Sets Unordered collections of unique items; ...

Classes and Objects Attributes and Methods __init__ is the constructor that sets up each new object. self refers to the current instance. Methods use the same syntax as functions ...

Generators Generators yield values one at a time, which keeps memory use tiny for large sequences. Decorators A decorator wraps a function to add behaviour without changing its ...

Handling Errors Raising Your Own Exceptions Type Hints Type hints document intent and let tools (mypy, IDEs) catch mistakes early. Performance Tips Prefer comprehensions and ...

What is Django? Django is a high-level, batteries-included web framework. It gives you an ORM, admin panel, authentication, routing, templates and forms out of the box. Creating a ...

Why Flask? Flask is a micro-framework - minimal and flexible. You add only what you need. A Minimal App Routing with Variables Rendering Templates In templates/hello.html : ...

What is pandas? pandas adds two powerful structures: Series (one column) and DataFrame (a table). It is the foundation of Python data work. Creating a DataFrame Reading Data From ...

NumPy for Fast Numeric Work NumPy provides the ndarray , a fast multi-dimensional array that powers pandas and most of the scientific stack. Renaming Files in Bulk (Automation) ...